Basic Concepts of Quantitative Reasoning Essay Example

Basic Concepts of Quantitative Reasoning Essay As a course that combines both health issues, critical thinking and quantitative reasoning, there is just so much to learn. The issues tackled in this course are an important foundation to health practice, after all health is based on thinking. Apart from the workplace, other life occurrences require accurate analysis, thinking to make sure that decision-making and problem solving is done skillfully, and the best option carries the day (Gambrill, 2005). DISCUSSION Efficiency is not to be compromised in healthcare especially because you deal with life directly. Therefore, it is required that the decision made to solve a problem in the course of duty should be accurate and the best for the condition in question. Through the course, I hope to build my comprehension and thinking capabilities to analyze the data provided by the patient to administer the best prescription (Gambrill, 2005). Apart from that, quantitative reasoning skills that will be taught in the course of study will go a long way in helping in any research that may arise in the quest for rise in the academic ladder or in the line of work. Results in the health practice are pegged on the ability to recall information, consideration of probable causes, and consideration of many points of view to create the premises and arrive at the best solution, which will solve the problem. Therefore, the course will help in attaining good results in treating patients (Lindh et al, 2009). Outside the work place, life situations are tricky and require critical considerations. In that regard, I hope to improve my decision-making and problem solving skills. This will put my life on course and those who may be dependent on me in terms of parents, siblings or even my own family will gain in one way or another. Parenthood especially can use the skills that will be taught especially in negotiation and behavioral correction (Garrod, 1992). Misleading and untruthful information in the workplace and outside can lead to wrong prescription and bad decision-making. This leads to bad results. Through this course, I hope to be acquainted to the skills of validating a statement or argument that may be put across rather than following the blind path, whose result is regret and poor performance in work. We will write a custom essay sample on Basic Concepts of Quantitative Reasoning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Basic Concepts of Quantitative Reasoning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Basic Concepts of Quantitative Reasoning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer This can be from the internet, friends’ advices and wrong articles that lack any scientific backing for evidence (Quackwatch, 2010). A lot is to be learned in this course. Some of the objectives are clear and can be connected directly to the work ahead. Other than that, other topics need in-depth understanding of the application and effects of the issue. For example, â€Å"what are the detrimental effects of lack of critical thinking and inaccurate analysis on treatment of patients? † is something that requires in-depth information that will create an attachment to the course knowing what its relevance is. In mind, lack of critical thinking and analysis of skills of content can lead to wrong prescription that has adverse and fatal risks to patients is a hypothesis that can be used to investigate the question stated earlier. CONCLUSION The course content has diverse applications directly in the filed of medical practice and other situations in life. It is therefore a crucial and rather interesting to be learning about thinking in the course. REFERENCES Gambrill, E. D. (2005). Critical thinking in clinical practice: Improving the quality of judgments and decisions. New York, NY: John Wiley and Sons. Garrod, A. (1992). Learning for life: Moral education theory and practice. Westport, Connecticut: Greenwood Publishing Group. Lindh W. Q. , Pooler M. , Tamparo C. , Dahl, B. M. (2009). Delmars Comprehensive Medical Assisting: Administrative and Clinical Competencies. Florence, KY: Cengage Learning Quackwatch. (2010). Quackwatch Mission statement. Retrieved on 17th August 2010 http://www. quackwatch. com/00AboutQuackwatch/mission. html Basic Concepts of Quantitative Reasoning Essay Example Basic Concepts of Quantitative Reasoning Paper Formulas, theories and concepts that teachers instill their students do not last long. People who attend school either leave or graduate with the skills that they have acquired. Quantitative reasoning is one of the skills that students receive during their education. The Office of Institutional Assessment and Studies at University of Virginia defines Quantitative Reasoning as â€Å" correctly using numbers and symbols, studying measurement, properties, and the relationships of quantities, or formally reasoning within abstract systems of thought to make decisions, judgments, and predictions† (Institutional Assessment and Studies, 2007). Thus, quantitative reasoning all boils down to the utilization of reasoning, logic and problem solving when dealing with different situations that one may come across. Quantitative reasoning is used by everyone in their daily lives. In addition, professionals employ this on various activities and decision making processes. Health and medical researchers as well as people outside the professional realm make use of quantitative reasoning when analyzing data and figures. People use quantitative reasoning in their day to day lives especially when they analyze and critique information. A person who is adept at quantitative reasoning becomes a quantitative literate. This person is thoroughly familiar with the choices, consequences and limitations available in any issue that he or she faces. We will write a custom essay sample on Basic Concepts of Quantitative Reasoning specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Basic Concepts of Quantitative Reasoning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Basic Concepts of Quantitative Reasoning specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Thus, quantitative reasoning enables a person to understand and draw conclusions from a variety of information and apply the most appropriate solution to a problem. Therefore, a â€Å"well-educated citizen can apply QR [quantatitative reasoning] skills to daily contexts: for instance, understanding the power of compound interest or the uses and abuses of percentages; using fundamental statistical analysis to gauge the accuracy of a statistical study; or applying the principles of logic and rhetoric to real world arguments† (Davidson and McKinney). Furthermore, â€Å"[q]uantitative literacy is a way of thinking and reasoning that cuts across all disciplines. It is the historian analyzing a document for authenticity, or the attorney carefully structuring an argument, or the social worker calculating the mileage he or she traveled to see a client, or the college administrator evaluating the cost/benefit of canceling a class † (Wittman-Grahler, Russell and Harding). Hence, professionals employ quantitative reasoning to perform a task or arrive at a decision. Therefore, concerns or issues that people encounter become less of an ordeal because quantitative reasoning allows individuals to outweight the benefits and risks of any endeavor. Health and medical researchers constantly encounter data and figures, be it the effectiveness of a medicine or the life expectancy of a person diagnosed with a certain disease. Health and medical researchers rely on quantitative data and their skills to provide reliable data that will help medical professionals base life-altering decisions. Thus, statistics aids health and medical researchers and professionals because â€Å"[c]ollecting and analyzing data with quantitative strategies includes understanding the relationships among variables. † (Maldonado). As Wittman-Grahler, Harding and Russell put it, â€Å"As our society becomes more information dependent. there is an increased need for citizens to be quantitatively literate. We are bombarded daily by tables, charts, numbers, and graphs. We make financial and health care decisions based on statistics. † However, data and figures do not revolve only in the medical or mathematical field. Sport fanatics, gamblers and drivers-for instance- deal with figures in some way. Hence, analyzing and interpreting data and figures to arrive at a conclusion go beyond the professional field. Quantitative reasoning is an essential skill that everyone must possess. It helps a person deal with the challenges of daily life by being equipped with the proper reasoning, logic and problem solving capabilities. These include interpreting and analyzing data, explicating facts, and drawing conclusions to come up with the best or most appropriate solution to a situation. References: Maldonado, R. (n. d) In search of truth through quantitative reasoning. Retrieved January 9, 2008 from http://www. socialresearchmethods. net/tutorial/Maldon/validity. htm Institutional Assessment and Studies. (2007, October 31). Reports: Quantitative Reasoning Competency. Retrieved January 7, 2008.

30+ Old Norse Words You Already Know

30+ Old Norse Words You Already Know 30+ Old Norse Words You Already Know 30+ Old Norse Words You Already Know By Michael Probably youve never studied Conversational Viking, let alone claimed to speak it. But the language of the Vikings, Old Norse, has influenced the development of English more than any other language besides French and Latin. The Swedes, Norwegians, Icelanders, and Danes all spoke Old Norse in those days, usually called the Danish tongue. In the 11th century, Old Norse was the most widely spoken European language, ranging west with Leif Ericksons colony of Vinland in modern-day Canada, east with the Viking settlers on the Volga River in modern-day Russia, and south with warriors battling in modern-day Spain, Italy and North Africa. Four centuries after the Anglo-Saxons began emigrating from northern Europe, Danish Vikings began raiding Britain and had begun settling down by the year 876, plowing the land. The 14 shires dominated by Danish law in northern and eastern England were called the Danelaw. In 1016, King Canute the Great became ruler of all England, even before he became king of his native Denmark. Danish kings ruled England almost until William the Conquerer sailed from Normandy, France and became the first Norman king of England in 1066. When he did, more Norse words entered English. What did William the Conquerer have to do with the Vikings? Because Normandy means land of the north men, colonized by people such as Williams ancestor Rollo, whose real name was Hrà ³lfr. See a pattern? Today Old Norse words are most common in the Yorkshire dialect, but the Danelaw included the East Midlands, York, Essex, Cambridge, Suffolk, Norfolk, Northampton, Huntingdon, Bedford, Hertford, Middlesex and Buckingham. Old Norse words used in modern English When it comes to English words for which we are indebted to Old Norse, lets start with they, their and them. Its true. If it werent for the Vikings, we might still be using the Old English words hà ®e, heora and him instead. Or maybe not when him and them mean the same thing in a language, you know its time for a change. In fact, English received many really, really common words from Old Norse, such as give, take, get, and both. And sale, cake, egg, husband, fellow, sister, root, rag, loose, raise, rugged, odd, plough, freckle, call, flat, hale, ugly, and lake. Another Old English word that was quickly replaced was the very short word à ¦, which meant law. Today we use a longer and less ambiguously-spelled Old Norse word: law. Many English words that begin with sk or sc came from Old Norse, such as skin, sky, score, scant, scrub, scathe, and skill. Old Norse words that feature two-letter blends and a high consonant-to-vowel ratio just sound Viking to me, especially if you pronounce both letters as the Vikings originally did: knife, snare, snub, wrong, bread, dwell, bask, dream, steak, stammer, and especially thwart. Old Norse words that meant something slightly different English word, with original Old Norse meaning anger trouble, affliction, which can make a person angry bait snack, food eaten at work. Now means food used to catch fish, wild animals, and susceptible people. bask similar to the Old Norse word meaning â€Å"to bathe† berserk either from bear-shirt (frenzied warriors wearing a bearskin shirt) or bare-shirt (frenzied warriors wearing no shirt) blunder to shut one’s eyes; to stumble about blindly bulk partition; cargo, as in the nautical term bulkhead crawl to claw. Crawling up a steep slope may require clawing. dirt excrement. Appropriately so. gang any group of men, as in modern Danish, not necessarily dangerous gawk to heed, as in paying too much attention gift dowry, a kind of wedding gift. In modern Danish, gift means wedding. haggle to chop. It amuses me to imagine how this word came to mean vigorous bargaining. hap, happy chance, good luck, fate. Apparently the Vikings didnt believe that happiness is a choice. lake to play, which is what many people do at a lake. A famous Danish toy manufacturer is called Lego. litmus from the Old Norse words litr (dye) and mosi (moss), used as a chemical test for acidity and alkalinity. muck cow dung. An English dairy farmer may say he needs to muck out, or clean, his barn. muggy drizzle, mist. Today it means severely humid. rive to scratch, plow, tear. A poet might write about his heart being riven in two. scathe to hurt, injure. Only the opposite word, unscathed, is common. Gang members never say, You come near me, Im gonna scathe you. seem to conform. Think about that for a while. skill distinction. If you are skilled, you might earn distinction. sleuth trail. The sleuth is always on the trail for clues. snub to curse. When youre snubbed or ignored, you might feel cursed. sprint to jump up, one of the keys to winning in a sprint. stain to paint. Not the same thing at your paint store. stammer to hinder; to dam up, as in a flow of words steak to fry. Could the Vikings have introduced chicken fried steak to the American South? No. thrift prosperity. If you have thrift, perhaps prosperity will follow. thwart across, which has kept a similar meaning for sailors window wind-eye or in Old Norse, vindauga. A treasure of a word. Old English words that meant something different before the Vikings bread In Old English, bread meant â€Å"bit, piece, morsel† but in Old Norse, bread meant bread. We get our word loaf from the Old English word for bread which it replaced. die Before the Vikings, die meant starve dream Before the Vikings, dream meant â€Å"joy, mirth, noisy merriment, even music. dwell Before the Vikings, dwell meant both â€Å"go astray and tarry. Im still trying to figure that one out. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:How to Punctuate References to Dates and Times10 Techniques for More Precise WritingHow to Send Tactful Emails from a Technical Support Desk

Ethical Dilema Case 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Ethical Dilema Case 3 - Essay Example It’s a dilemma in our society that individuals who are suspected to be criminals by law are treated as criminals by individuals in our society – and this maltreatment continues essentially if the court releases and does not find that individual as guilty. Once suspected to be a criminal, an individual’s life is over. Subsequently, each and every law enforcing agencies need to be very careful while declaring an individual as a suspect. Stereotyping is another major issue associated with judgment of individuals. Al-Qaeda has gained a lot of fame as a renowned terrorist group, and Muslims across the world are suffering because as part of their religious practice, when they grow bears or females cover their head, they are deemed as extremists and thus, titled as terrorists. Such level of stereotyping often creates problems for law enforcing agencies as well and sometimes wrongful arrests are made. And as mentioned earlier, once a suspect, their life becomes worst the n criminals. I strongly disagree to the fact that torture should be limited to a degree and should only be applied in an extreme scenario. For example, if a suspect is caught, he or she should be treated fairly and justly – once proven guilty, still the law enforcing agencies should treat the criminal like a human being. ... And even when proven guilty, everyone has the right to be treated in an appropriate manner – unless it becomes a matter of national security or threat. Moral Rules Access to justice is the right of every human being and is one of the common clauses of most of the constitutions that exist in the world today in the sovereign states. Justice implies treating everyone fairly – Muslims, Jews, Christians, Hindus, etc.; all men should be equal before the law and punishable by law only if proven guilty via appropriate evidence. Thus, seeking justice is what everyone can and should aim at for everyone. Being law enforcement officer, the responsibility is to ensure that everyone gets justice. By torturing, an officer would be using the powers in a false manner because only the law has the power to punish – not the officer. As a law enforcement officer, it is one of the duties to protect the suspects unless they are proven guilty in the court of law. Even to the extent that if the suspect is lying, the officers should have different mechanisms to pull the truth and torture should be the last possible medium for it. An officer should let law and courts perform their duties, by taking actions such as torture and punishments into their own hands, officers are taking up a responsibility of making a decision regarding innocence or guilt of an individual; which is not possible without concrete evidence. Thus, at the end of the day, an innocent might suffer because of a misunderstanding or biasness of the law enforcement officer; because officers are trained to develop suspicion and torturing based on suspicion to get information is equivalent to punishing suspects – and in

Journalism of the Founders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Journalism of the Founders - Essay Example According to the paper  truthful reporting leaves no scope for adding opinions, lest it be called yellow journalism. But, the journalists and editors too are part of the society. They have a responsibility to highlight the wrongs, illegal activities and excesses being committed against the society, by some powerful people. Going through the articles it is more than apparent that American Revolution was indeed influenced by the writings at that time. In fact, it won’t be an exaggeration to say that the writings developed the urge in revolutionaries for freeing themselves from unjustified occupation. Thomas Jefferson aptly acknowledged the contribution of Tom Paine for his critical role in ‘propelling the American colonists towards independence from Great Britain’. Journalists too are human beings and they too have political leanings.This study highlights that  history testifies that, there have been numerous attempts to make use of the newspapers and media on p ure political considerations, but the impact have never been so high as to bring about a monumental change. This shows that the journalistic writings alone are not considered the final statement of truth. In fact, carrying through such imaginary and untenable arguments has become much more difficult in today’s times. Publications like the ‘Journal of Occurrences’ and Thomas Paine’s ‘Common Sense’ and ‘Crisis’ provided a window of hope to the people oppressed by the colonial powers. Such publications were used as discussion forums by the people.... Such publications were used as discussion forums by the people. Comparing such publications with the present times led by the IT era, blogging seems to be the forum for people to come out with their opinions/ anger a particular set of people and circumstances. The major difference being the speed for information exchange and the number of people whose views can be accommodated on the pages. Earlier, the information used to take days/ weeks and months to travel from one place to another, but the internet has made possible the information exchange at a speed of light. Though the media landscape has undergone a sea-change since the times of the American Revolution, yet the basic concept remains similar. In today's media rich environment, journalism, the profession, has acquired newer dimensions. Be it the coverage of war on Iraq and Afghanistan or the hidden camera sting operations, more value addition has taken place in the traditional form of journalism. Adverse circumstances appear to be the basic breeding ground for journalistic excellence. Duri ng the occupation of American land, the French and British soldiers exhibited outrageous behavior and resorted to brutalities against women, which led to simmering discontent, further fueled by the writings from the likes of Tom Paine, Sam Adams etc. This had definite contribution towards shaping the revolution. Journalistic writings have the ability to read pulse of the people, and after gathering the realistic feedback, the writings help in generating a debate amongst larger section of masses. Not only the printed publications, but any media with a mass appeal like poets, writers, journalists, singers, drama

Molecular Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Molecular Identity - Essay Example As mentioned earlier partially, the NCC and the NKCC2 cotransporters are renal-specific in action while the other five are more widely found and evident throughout the central nervous system (Delpire, E., 2000). The and solute carriers move through plasma membranes always accompanied by in equal proportions in a 1:1 stoichiometry (Gamba, G., 2005). Functionally, these membrane proteins are active in transepithelial ion absorption and secretion, cell volume regulation and setting intracellular anions below or above their electrochemical potential equilibriums (Gamba, G., 2005), among other possible functions. The last activity, specially appertaining to KCC2, is of special interest to this study. The last decade has seen much advance in their study and most of the knowledge that is available on them has become so within this short period. These family members are also extensively involved in the pharmacology and pathophysiology of cardiovascular and neuronal regions of mammalian anatomy. Loop diuretics and thiazide diuretics that are some of the most prescribed drugs in the world target some of the family members while genetic mutations that inactivate three specific members cause inherited diseases like Bartter's, Gitelman's and Anderman's (Gamba, G., 2005). It should be noted here that all the functional-structural characteristics of the above seven cotransporters have not been comprehensively discovered and described. This is amply evident from G. Gamba's extensive 2005 paper investigating comprehensively the hitherto unrevealed functional-structural characteristics of the seven. Thus, that deficiency lends purpose to the dissertation this paper is an introduction to again, specifically in relation to KCC2, the particular potassium-coupled chloride cotransporter this project is investigating.CAD Cells True cultured cell lines derived of purely neuronal origin are of immense value to biochemical and molecular study of neurons and their diverse functional implications together with other neurotransmission elements like the KCC cotransporters in this instance. This is so because primary neuronal cells thrive indifferently in cultures with low reproducibility and often are found mixed with other types of cells not of interest to the particular research at hand (Wang and Oxford, 2000). There are some specific neuronal differentiated phenotype exhibiting cell lines available to the researcher such as the PC12 cells, the P19 cells and the MN9D cells, among others, but these are not purely derived of the CNS and

Employee Empowerment Case Study: TGI Fridays

Employee Empowerment Case Study: TGI Fridays Major shifts in business activities in the recent years due to globalizations have taken Large (LEs) and Small Medium Scale Organizations (SMEs) either National or Multinational towards an intense competitive environment. To respond to these global challenges organizations are now working differently as compared to past and last but not the least the competitive advantage that a company obtains is through its customer service activities. As The cost of attracting a new customer is five times bigger compared to the cost of retaining a current customer (Hart et al, 1990). When an organization is not able to provide the desired satisfaction to customers, the customer becomes aggressive and besides leaving the organization service becomes a tool to disengage customers in his domain. When a company fails to provide a service, the dissatisfied customer may provide negative word-of-mouth. (Chakrapani, 1998) claims that 100 dissatisfied customers cost a company 1600 to 2500 potential customers. To retain the customers it is of paramount importance that the employees of an organization are in line with the organizations objective with regards to the successful operation and in this regard todays managers make sure to convince employees that their personal interests are in agreement with the goals of the organization. (Hellriegel et al, 2005) explained that in todays battle for excellent employees, management has to offer more than high pay to win employees trust and motivate employees. As very aptly discussed by (Latham and Gary, 2004) that the most difficult aspect of being a work team leader is motivation of team members. Work teams may be more successful in achieving organizational goals if their members are empowerment to do their jobs. 2. SIGNIFICANCE: For achieving organizational success employee empowerment and performance are at the core with regards to these concepts. Job satisfaction amongst employees talked about in relation to employee empowerment and contextual performance. Ugboro and Obeng, found that in an organization empowered employees demonstrate job satisfaction at higher levels in contrast in organizations where employees are not empowered. (Ugboro and Obeng, 2000) When the team leader demonstrates the appropriate disciplines Employee motivation can be an easy task the simple disciplines encourage employee motivation to happen naturally. Motivation, whether it is self motivation or employee motivation, is the trigger to act. The competitive business market nowadays stresses on swift solutions as there a shortage of time in making decisions. To succeed, todays complex organizations require the collaboration of multiple followers (Yukl, 2008) managers at all levels who may assume a leadership role contingent on situational demands. As a result, empowerment has become a big slogan in numerous organizations world over. By setting the shared vision and common goal creates an environment in which other employees can control themselves i.e. empowered whether they acting for the objectives of the organization or not. As Kotter said that the vision makes the work more important to employees that envisioned by the common vision, which at the same time stresses their own values (Kotter, 1990). In order to get people move in the same direction that leader chooses, he/she needs to align them rather than organize them (Kotter, 1990). Empowered employees are more willing to serve the customers; his in turn quickens customer needÂÂ ´s responses which in turn result in customer satisfaction (Bowen et al, 1992). Empowered employees self-efficacy levels increase as they are in a position to evaluate the best approach to perform tasks. (Gist et al, 1992) In a Service organization the employees are of primary significance in view of the fact that they are the ones who are the face of the organization and the way they react and interact with the consumers is an indicator to the customers about the organization. The better the service and quality interaction the customer will have the more positive image will be portrayed also since service organizations are empowered as they have to make on the spot decisions this may prompt a negative image also as its a 2 way process. 3. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE: 3.1 AIMS: The idea of the study is to streamline the corporate objective through better quality management by having empowered employees. Whether it is fashion, hospitality, airline or the food industry, consumers first and foremost demand is quality. And this is not area specific. At the end of the day, companies are attracting consumers. However, the underlying challenges facing companies are the maintenance of quality to enhance consumer base. 3.2 RESEARCH QUESTION: For this study the company chosen is TGI Fridays restaurant. The purpose of this research is to ascertain the extent to which TGI Fridays restaurant practices employee empowerment in their organization, and how it impacts on service quality and customer satisfaction. The nature of the food service industry touches directly on the satisfaction and experience of the consumers. This uniqueness may account for the closer scrutiny and monitoring to ensure that certain standards with regard to employee empowerment that would otherwise have been voluntary in other sectors are observed. In this paper, we will delve into the details of employee empowerment in the restaurant business. The core study will revolve around TGI FRIDAYS Quality Management through employee involvement that will ultimately help the brand reach greater heights. According to (Strauss et al, 1998), the research question is a statement that identifies the phenomenon to be studied. It tells the readers what the researcher exclusively wants to know about this subject. How does TGI Fridays empowering of employees impacts on the quality of service and customer satisfaction in their restaurant? 4. Literature Review: 4.1 Total Quality Management: With the advancement in communication technology, transportation and other technologies the world has shrunk into a global village. Products and services developed in a country are now widely accepted in other regions of the globe as well. Many companies like TGI Friday have been developing marketing strategies to fulfill the need, in an increasingly globalized market, for several years. TGI Friday is one of the companies that are being recognized by and whose brand names are familiar to most of the people in every region of the world (Austins Radisson Hotel, 2006) Quality has different connotation to different people. Employees tend to think like their peers and think differently like those at other levels. This suggests that to infuse quality in the organization will be much easier if it is embedded across the board. Many Japanese companies have demonstrated a high perfection of product quality, reliability and customer service through TQM (Garvin, 1988). Such goals require continuous improvement procedures to be established within the company. The relationship between market share, profitability and quality has always been studied. According to Buzzell and Gale (1987) one factor above all others-superior quality drives market share and profit is virtually guaranteed. Companies that are committed to Total Quality Management, apply it in all areas of the organization, because customers are both external and internal functions to the business. Quality can not only reduce cost, it also helps in getting the differential advantage. As we can see in the following illustration, there are two types of quality: quality driven at customer and conformance to organizational quality standards. The Quality Circle is as follows: Price Advantage Customer-Driven Quality Market Share Profitability and Growth Customer Value Customer Attributes and Design Specs Specification Quality Productivity Lower Cost Lower Cost of Quality Investment in Improved Quality Figure 3.1 Quality Circle, Source: Joel E. Ross, (1996). Total Quality Management; Text, Cases and Readings. Second Edition. Total Quality circle implies that the customer is the top priority for all business decisions. It takes into consideration the satisfaction of customer as a key determinant of success in the long run. Sometimes business decisions lead to the demise of an entire enterprise when quality is shown the door, while compromising on customer requirements. According to TQM theory the best way to improve organizational output is to continually improve performance (Dale, 1996). The phenomenon of Total Quality Management is no more another statement for organizations. It has become a reality. In the cut-throat corporate world, companies find themselves in hot water if they compromise on quality, consideration the fact the consumers now have more alternatives at their disposal. 4.1.2 Buzz Word Quality: Every organization has a set of standards and beliefs that they adhere to. Quality is the buzz word in the modern day marketplace. Every organization claim to infuse the best quality in its products and services. In our daily lives, we distinguish different products and services as excellent, average or mediocre. The precise definition of a quality product or service is that it provides customer more than what they were actually looking for at a prescribed price. According to Crosby, quality is the outcome of a carefully constructed culture. This has to be the fabric of the organization. (Crosby, 1988) Organizations operating in modern markets call for an exceptional quality in their products and services. In the case of restaurants, the initiative is that products and services must be readily available to customers. Essentially, organizations focus on the concerns of customer needs, through a well developed mechanism (Kotler, 1991). A good management at a restaurant will instill value that will lead to the creation of admirable products and commendable service, which in turn fulfills customer expectations and satisfies them. Quality is really an attitude built on a perception. Its not the product or company itself. The product is sold by the company. (Aaker, 1991), asserts that the brand of that product is bought by the consumer, predicated upon the consumers perception that the brand he or she buys of a product differs sufficiently from another brand of the same product to warrant choosing one particular brand over another. And, by the way, warrants paying the price for it. Customers look beyond the functional benefits of a restaurant to the overall experience it offers. Johnson stated that people stay in relationships for two major reasons: because they want to and because they have to. (Johnson, 1982) This recommends that service loyalty is influenced by satisfaction and interpersonal bonds. The interplay of these two sets of influences impacts on operational, marketing and human resource management strategies, including the nature and form of empowerment best matched to the service offer. (Cowell, 1984) claims that different organization provide different service features, which in the long-term impacts the operational management, marketing offer to customers and the way that front line employees are managed. 4.1.3 Consumers Charge Quality: Consumers tend to associate quality with price. But a new Cornell study found out that higher price tag may create a more positive view of products, but consumers may not necessarily purchase them. (Lowery, 2009) Some studies support the idea that higher price leads to a more superior quality some case examples are studies by, (Dodds, et al 1991; Gabor, 1988 etc). On the other hand, other studies have found that a high price may not always be related to the perceived superior quality. (Peterson 1970; Peterson and Jolibert, 1976). Such inconsistent findings have prompted the conclusion that a general price perceived quality relationship does not exist (Zeithaml et al, 1988). It is very much clear that quality cannot alone be associated with the price tag. It all depends on the users preference, the availability of different alternatives and the situation that compels the consumer to use the product/service. Many customers seek their prescribed branded services when it comes to restaurants. The branded organization meets customers security needs by making the service offer precise and by delivering a standardized service constant with customer expectations. At the same time many customers are looking for some confirmation of their individuality. (Holpp, 1990) asserts that the problem with the delivery of services is that it is delivered at the customers interface. If a problem exists, it is already too late. The subtle aspects to service and the heterogeneity of services pose difficulty for both customers and organizations supplying services to them. TGI Fridays provides a service which creates a sense of social connection to others. The brand also offers its customers a prospect to deal with the ambiguity felt by many service consumers. Thus, the customer can personalize the experience and knows what to expect. The following extract from an article reinforces the aforementioned argument. Lori Voth asserted that the biggest problem with most of restaurants is that the food looks awesome in the menu, or on TV, billboard, but once it gets delivered to your table, your impression fades away. However TGI Fridays manages to do it perfectly every time. Not only do the photos and descriptions make your mouth water but the actual meal always lives up to its promise. This is one restaurant where you can judge something by its cover, or picture. 4.1.4 Quality Infuse Loyalty: It has been observed that some restaurants have a more loyal following? Why is that people are more attracted to it? Because, the experience is worth remembering. From the very first interaction with the staff, an impression is made. This feeling creates an impression in the mind of the customer. Many restaurants and TGI Fridays in particular identify the value of customer service. Loyalty is an essential part of doing any business. No business can survive without establishing a dedicated client base. Studies have shown that companies that are rated high by their customer can charge close to ten percent more, than those rated poorly (Sonnenberg, 1989). For managers, motivating a group of employees is not a straightforward task. Each employee is a different and unique individual with dissimilar personalities and attitudes. Surprisingly enough, in spite of its evident importance to all businesses, relatively little is known about it. Experts have struggled to define exactly what being a loyal customer means, and too little has been made in determining what factors lead to customer loyalty. So, although customer loyalty is considered the back-bone of business, it still remains a mystery. To be truly effective and be able to repeat business, a brand must fabricate an emotional connection with its customers. And this is what the managers strive to achieve. Emotional branding is connected with the wisdom of brands and leads to an excursion filled with precious hints, ideas, and lessons from the customers. How to infuse brand loyalty in customers and address the trenchant constituents of branding as a product of perceptive thinking is another challenge for the managers. Haddadj (2003) believes that to create an effective workplace in order to motivate employees to perform well is very much in the interest of organization. Managers pivotal role in initiating transformation in a restaurant is to succeed in improving organizational performance. 4.2 What is Employee Empowerment? A pleasant and professional environment helps in the development of the capabilities of employees. On the other hand meager staff quality can be very expensive for any business. Empowerment is defined as the capability of employees to exercise judgment and discretion in their work and to contribute more fully in decisions affecting their work (Potterfield, 1999). Change, regardless of its magnitude is a challenging exercise. In case of employee empowerment, the challenge becomes even bigger as a high level of unpredictability is involved. In any organization, employees are the assets. Human Resource is vital to a corporations growth and prosperity is gaining and retaining competitive advantage. Therefore a motivated and contented workforce is more likely to achieve on many fronts. Loyalty and commitment from the staff cannot be controlled. In Harvester Restaurants, employees work in autonomous work groups without the direction of an immediate supervisor (Ashness et al, 1995). Organizations tie staff loyalty and commitment to its policies and actions. Therefore the management should deal with this issue prudently. (Fedor et al, 1989) concede that the employees who find the work more creative will react less to criticism. Total quality management and the strive for zero defects places issues of quality at the center of every managements reflection. Employees who are empowered are in greater control (Conger et al, 1988). Employee empowerment has its fair share of criticism too. (Purser et al, 1998) in particular are wary of practices, calling it pseudo-empowerment (p. 132). They assert that it is simply putting a new face on an old scheme. Many authors believe it is more self-directed. (Hitchcock et al, 1995) note that the practiced empowerment is a status rather than a process of actively participation. However, those who promote this concept are of the view that it works and is related to the organizations performance. (Piore et al, 1983) believe the organizations will gain superior competitive advantage by focusing on employees as assets and by removing unnecessary levels of management. There are four different, but overlapping managerial motives for introducing empowerment (Lashley, 1995). These are empowerment through participation, through involvement, through commitment, and empowerment through delivering. Each of the aforementioned forms is applied differently with the nature of empowered given to the employee. Organizational theories also attest to the fact that the fit involving business strategies and organizational characteristics is a key determinant of organizational performance (Lorsch et al, 1973). Many authors like (Barry, 1993) say that empowerment is a universally defined term. The idea of empowerment is to engage the employee in different aspects of the service operation. The empowerment model of (Lashley, 1997) is as follows: Source: (Lashley, 1997) 4.2.1 Empowerment Self-Actualization: Abraham Maslow has hinted out at the five levels of human needs. The need of self actualization is on top of the pyramid. The Maslows Hierarchy Model is as follows: http://dinamehta.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2007/10/800px-maslows_hierarchy_of_needssvg.png Source:NetMBA.com Empowerment is in fact fulfilling ones need of self actualization. It is difficult to develop an environment that allows team players to find opportunities for self-actualization, and to be respected and feel empowered. But in the hospitality industry it is deemed important to allow employees to take responsibility of their actions. (Barbie et al, 1991) believed that a feeling of personal efficacy and self determination in nurtured among employees. They are supposed to feel that they have power and can make a difference. They have choices and can exercise it. (Johnson, 1993) 4.2.2 Employee empowerment in the hospitality industry: Employee empowerment is particularly relevant in the hospitality industry because employees have the maximum amount of direct customer contact. Levels of customer satisfaction can be improved by empowering employees to handle guest requests or problems immediately, rather than having to report to their managers .Managers fundamental task in a restaurant is to improve performance (Haddadj, 2003). Organizations operating in different industries have different set of management rules. The risk is high where the service act is directed at the minds of the people. Caring attitudes by managers succeed in bringing forth employee dedication and approval. (Black et al, 1996) 4.2.3 TGI Fridays Restaurant: The organization structure at TGI restaurants is somewhat traditional and typical for the hospitality business. At Fridays a standardized layout and decor is balanced by an extensive menu which allows the customer to decide on what they should consume within the range. In many ways the offer is comparable to mass customization in manufactured products. The customer knows what to expect, and can personalize the experience through the extensive menu. 4.2.4 TGI Fridays Operations: The Restaurant Manager is responsible for the handling of affairs of the unit. The Front of house operations is managed by the senior service manager. The quality manager is in charge of the operations in kitchen and stores. People are trained for specific jobs that include jobs at bar, in the restaurant and the kitchen. Some employees play a supervisory role as shift leader. Trained hosts receive guests and the expediter is responsible for ensuring the speedy production of meals from the kitchen. To ensure quality and consistency in the service offering is a lot harder to accomplish than in other sectors. This category of service firms is unique since the organization is not isolated from the customer the latter must physically be present throughout the service act, unlike other sectors such as manufacturing (Fitzsimmons and Fitzsimmons, 2004). These are recognized as the critical success factors. (Boynton et al, 1984) define critical success factors as those things that must go well to ensure success for a manager. They imply that these administrative areas must be given individual attention to bring about higher performance. The thorough interaction between the service organization and the customer in person has profound quality implications for the organization. In the case of TGI Fridays where employees are delivering a mass customized service, they need to exercise consultancy skills in their interpretation of customer service needs. This helps in increased motivation in the workforce. This in turn will able the employee to reach future performance standards (Nemoroff et al, 1979). 4.2.5 Employee Empowerment at TGI Fridays: TGI Fridays foster an environment of employee empowerment. They have created an environment where employees are nurtured to take responsibility for their actions. So, performance at TGI Fridays requires more than merely taking order and delivering to the customer (Ritzer, 1993). This is very important to managerial aspirations for their approach. Employees need to be able to interpret, and then deliver, the customer service required. At Fridays employees are managed through a cluster of approaches to enhance perfection in work. When it comes to special events, it really shows that everyone in the staff is an important player. For instance during the week People arrive for their shift, do their shift, and go home. But at special occasions like Christmas, Dub-Dubs, door hosts, bartenders and managers alike stay behind after working. Everyone make sure that customers when they check in feel comfortable about the place. The slogan is to be trusted and respected. This is the managers duty to be an effective communicator and devote time to everyone equally. The natural skills and talents of employees will be realized and utilized to the organizations effectiveness (Ripley and Ripley, 1993). TGI FRIDAYS support the staff to be hands on with customers, but at the same time assesses the character and mood of the guests in order to achieve appropriate level of interaction. They have designed a book they call as the WOW Book. 4.2.6 The WOW Book: TGI FRIDAYS has a book known as WOW (WALK ON WATER). This book for staff lists the extra stuff the employees can offer to the customer. One such example that comes into our mind is lighting a cigarette for the customer. Before the start of each shift, employees are involved in a board game through roley. This role play is based on service encounters. The is based on the culture and philosophy of the organization. The objective of this is to inculcate each employee with the values of the organization. Unlike bureaucracies, empowering organizational structures are collaborative team based organizations (Beyerlein et al, 2003). 4.2.7 TGI Fridays Passport: The management at TGI Fridays have created a flexible employee rotation program once the training is completed. This program is known as the TGI Passport. This system enables employees to work in other branches, states or countries when there is a vacancy. This is an excellent example of empowering employees through flexibility, thus ensuring loyalty. This scheme not only retains staff but also reduces training costs. 4.2.8 The Five Star Values at TGI Fridays: TGI Fridays has identified five star values to symbolize its philosophy and culture. Each value is presented as a triangle and each side of the triangle must be balanced in order to deliver the service the Fridays way. In addition to these stars values, the three rings of the perceived guests are also taught to the staff. These rings represent the core offerings of the brand along with the consistent standards of service. They also entail an environment in which individual employee is encouraged to work to their maximum potential. An engaged employee has a natural drive for innovation, efficiency and a talent for building encouraging relationships (Ganguly, 2003). The five star values empower employees; they own their job and want to achieve better because they feel rewarding for doing so. 4.2.9 The Service Encounter: TGI Fridays calls its service encounter as an unusual experience. Employees are encouraged to think that TGI Fridays gives its customers a value for their money. For TGI Fridays incorporate elements of standard procedure manuals laid down production and presentation specifications. Test on product knowledge is used to ensure that front line employees had the requisite knowledge to be able to advise customers. Dub-Dubs are allowed to offer advice to customers as to how to structure their meal. Furthermore, they also have to identify the customers service requirements and deliver what is needed. (Lashley, 2000) notes that normative control in TGI Fridays is one of the tools to retain employees and encourage them to take ownership of the service encounter. Service target times at TGI Fridays call for the starters to be served within seven minutes of receipt of the order. Main course items must be served within twelve minutes. A computer programme helps managers to check the timing of these service times. Dub-Dubs are trained to work in routines. They check with the customer regularly after three minutes of delivering the meal. The front-line staff is encouraged to develop a sense of ownership of the service encounter. (Spinalli et al, 2000) establish that empowerment leads to both employee and customer satisfaction. Managers are keen to make sure that the employee is able to meet up customer service requirements, answer queries, offer advice, and present the appropriate performance, and maintain company sales targets. The nature of the work requires a particular type of individual, someone who relates well with customers. 4.2.10 Empowerment and Employees Performance: Employee performance requires, more than the traditional acts of greeting, seating and serving (Hochschild, 1983). Customer satisfaction, attitude towards the customer and meeting the order in a specified time tops the list at Fridays. The bar staff at TGI Fridays provides both the showmanship needed to command a premium price. Work teams and information sharing are the building blocks of employee empowerment. Empowered employees own their jobs; can assess their personal and corporate success. The purpose of empowerment is often to cultivate confidence between employers and employees with the end goal of continuous improvement (Khan, 1997; Lawson, 2000). Workplace know-how is a combination of the foundation skills and the workplace competencies. The competencies cannot be achieved without a strong base; but the two can-and should-be learned simultaneously. Employees are expected to control themselves internally by being nice, cheerful, smiling and courteous to customers even when the customer is rude and offensive (Royle, 2000). The performance of the unit is measured by a system known as a WinCard. 4.2.11 The WIN Card: TGI Fridays used wincard which stands for Whitbread in Numbers scorecard. This is a communication tool that helps in bolster the performance. It uses the scorecard approach. Wincard measures a common set of scores across each unit, brand and at a group level. This enables employees to know better what they are doing and ensure that all employees are working towards the same company goal. It provides a reliable, tangible way of both motivating them individually and as a unit and identifying key areas for improvement. This tracks performance on a monthly basis against the agreed target and an in-store wall chart which display to employees the year- to- date results and monthly results via a color coding system. A traffic light system measures these scores. Green measures a result if the performance is better than the anticipated performance. Amber measures a performance that is better than last year but worse than the anticipated financial plan. Red signifies a performance that is just getting worse. 4.2.12 Guest Feedback: Guest Feedback is an important component of TQM. Hospitality businesses do conduct these surveys to get hands on information about the customers experience. The questions asked are about the customer sense of well-being and the experience as an individual. These questions measure the emotional attachment of the guest with the brand. Companies like TGI Fridays gain the feedback and ideas of their associate through these surveys. They empower their employees and they in turn try to score highly in guest and employee satisfaction surveys. It is a win-win situation. The recognition identifies the optimistic approach of the company. At Fridays, recognition comes in different varieties ranging from the award of eye-catching pin badges to trips abroad for high performing management teams. 4.3 Customer Relation Management: In todays increasingly competitive market, it has become increasingly difficult for businesses to remain competitive. With an increase in competition, organizations are focusing more and more on increasing customer satisfaction, as it is the key to remain competitive in the market. In restaurant operations, such as TGI Fridays, it is projected that new customers cost 11 times more to generate than repeat customers (Sellers, 1990). These economic points of views for empowerment further reinforce claims that employee turnover and bureaucratic control systems will decrease operating costs. Quality is a strategic issue and many aspects of quality management entail strategic thinking within the organization about their customers and their requirements. The value of long term relationships in services marketing has only recently been known. External environments can alter rapidly and companies may not be able to change accordingly (Zacharakis et al, 1999). Employees at TG

A Tale of Apocalypses, Men, Women, & Sports :: Movie Film Sports Essays

A Tale of Apocalypses, Men, Women, & Sports This movie is set in a post-apocalyptic society in the year 2010. After World War III broke out, the world was destroyed in the year 2008. The survivors have no memory of what their planet used to be like, or how they used to live. The earth is covered in layers of debris that archaeologists are sifting through to figure out how people lived before the world was destroyed. Along with the "death" of our modern world, women's rights also died, and men think they are far superior once more. Opening scenes (each is only a few seconds long): Close up of blade chopping vegetables, zoom out to see that blade is actually ice skate. Cut to: restaurant with people eating soup out of semi-deflated basketballs. Cut to: Opening credits with people playing in background: people are running around wearing helmets and throwing a hockey puck at each other's heads. Cut to: people on an archeological dig, sifting through the dirt with tennis rackets. Most of a track has been unearthed, and the archaeologists think it is called a "Coca-Cola" because of the large sign at one end of the field in the center of the track. One of our heroines is named Soleada Lluvia, and she has just unearthed a badminton birdie and is studying it. She is distracted when the archaeologists who have been uncovering the track announce that they have finished. She drops the birdie and joins the others as they stare at the track. They remember seeing people run in circles around such a thing from damaged movies they have uncovered on previous expeditions. The men immediately begin discussing how this must have been used as a sports arena for men. The women point out that they saw women running in the movies, too, but they men just laugh at them and say that women are too weak to do sports. The women become angry and start citing famous female athletes they read about in records they found. They mention Babe Didrickson, FloJo, Wilma Rudolph, and others. The men point out that that was before the world ended, and say that now women are weak again. The women assert that women never were weak, then or now, and challenge the men to a contest. They decide to hold their contest in one month - to give them time to train, and time to research more of the sports of the past.

Computers are not confined to being used for entertainment but its role in education is also vast Essay

A. Introduction A library is a place in which literary and artistic materials such as books, periodicals, newspapers, pamphlets, prints, records, and tapes, are kept for reading, reference or lending. A collection of such materials, especially when systematically arranged; a room of private home for such collection. At first glance, your library is a bunch of books with a librarian to check them out to you, and back in when you return them. Your librarian insures (of tries to, as money permits) your library is well stocked with current titles. The librarian also has to keep the building neat and in good repair and also these things only shows a few of the things which make up your library. Now a day, in a highly technological society, human productivity is made more efficient through the development of electronic gadgets. Now, with the advent of such modernization in education, one way to globalize the process of research is to realize that technology is advancing at an incredibly fast pace. In School, reading materials are stored in libraries. Library is a place in which books and related materials are kept for use but not for sale. It is also organized for use and maintained by a public body, an institution or a private individual. In addition, it is a place in which we get information in any format and from many sources. The librarian has to keep the room neat so that it is conducive for learning. The librarian is also the person who is liable for monitoring all the books that are borrowed and returned by the borrowers. B. Background of the Study The proponents will propose the Library Books Borrowing and Returning System for General Miguel Malvar Elementary School located at Mangga Ave, Sta Mesa, Manila. . The Head Librarian, Mrs. Tina Guerrero stated that they are currently using the Dewey Decimal Library System. They are still utilizing a manual system. The library users and the librarian still use card catalogues in searching for reading materials and use index card for the records of borrowed and returned books. The proponent’s study was what is which encounter to the Library by the user, Librarian and how the Owner or the Administrator of the said school will provide a good service to their clients to have a good feedback. The study will focus on transaction which done inside the Library like borrowing, returning of books by students, faculties and staffs. C. Statement of the Problem General Problem: * How to computerized Library System of Gen. Miguel Malvar Elementary School? Specific Problem: * How to maintain library records? * How to provide back-up copy? * How to maintain data integrity? * How to make user friendly screen? * How to secure database files? D. Objective of the Study General Objective: * To develop a computerized library system for Gen. Miguel Malvar Elementary School using Visual Basic. Specific Objective: * To maintain library record by providing add, edit and delete module to our system. * To create utility module to back up database files. * To maintain data integrity by creating a relational database files. * To make a user friendly screen by designing a simple screen that can be easily understand. * To secure database file by creating a user log-in for security purposes. E. Scope and Limitations The library system can only monitor the borrowed and returned books. It computes the penalty for due date. The system does not include the inventory of the books. F. Significance of the Study As the researchers identify their objectives, they were able to discuss the significance of their topic to certain factors which they are closely related: Librarian / Custodian * The Librarian / Custodian will benefit from this project because it will help him/her monitor the books borrowed and returned. School * The school will benefit from this project because they help provide books to student of that school. Student * The student will benefit from this project because can help the student to easily know if the books he /she need is available or not in the library. Chapter II A. Feasibility Study 1. Operational Feasibility The system is operationally feasible because their library staff is computer literate and is trained to use computer applications plus, they know the basic things they used to do on the manual library system, thereby maintaining the concepts of the originallibrary logic. We can also say that it is operationally feasible because their facility has computers without taking much space and the main office actually holds the database since they originally have a main storage of information for the billing of their student. 2. Technical Feasibility The proposed system is technicallyfeasible because the Software and Hardware are available. The Software to be use is Visual Basic. Net and the database is MS Access. 3. Economical Feasibility The system is economically feasible. The maintenance of computer hardware and software is updated. a. Initial Investment Computer set with printer P15, 000. Computer programmer P40, 000 Total initial Investment P55, 00 b. Existing Operational Cost Salary of 3 employees P30, 000 Logbook & papers P1, 500 Ball pensP150 Electricity P 1, 200 Total operational cost P32,850 c. Proposed System Operational Cost Salary of 2 employees P25, 000 Internet connectionP1, 200 Electricity P1, 500 PapersP 900 Total operational cost P28,600 d. Savings Monthly Operational Cost| Existing| Supplies| P1,650| Maintenance| P1,200| Labor| P30,000| Total| P32,850| Yearly Operational Cost| Existing| 1st| P394,200| 2nd| P421,794| 3rd| P449,388| 4th| P476,982| 5th| P504,576| Monthly Operational Cost| Proposed|. Supplies| P900| Maintenance| P2,700| Labor| P25,000| Total| P28,600| Yearly Operational Cost| Proposed| 1st| P343,200| 2nd| P367,224| 3rd| P391,284| 4th| P415,272| 5th| P439,296| SAVINGS/PAY | Existing System| Proposed System| Savings| 1st Year| 394,200| 343,200| 51,000| 2nd Year| 788,400| 686,400| 102,000| 3rd Year| 1,182,600| 1,029,600| 153,00| 4th Year| 1,576,800| 1,372,800| 204,000| 5th Year| 1,971,000| 1,716,000| 255,00| BACK PERIOD Chapter III ID ID A. Data Flow Diagram 1. DFD of Existing System BORROWED BOOK BORROWED BOOK NO PENALTY NO PENALTY ACCCEPTED BORROWED BOOK ACCCEPTED BORROWED BOOK 5 CHECK PENALTY 5 CHECK. PENALTY 4 ACCEPT BORROWED BOOK 4 ACCEPT BORROWED BOOK 6 RETURN ID 6 RETURN ID Student Student ID, BOOK ID, BOOK 1 RECEIVED ID & BOOK 1 RECEIVED ID & BOOK M2 BOOK CARD M2 BOOK CARD M1 LOGBOOK M1 LOGBOOK W/ PENALTY W/ PENALTY RECEIPT RECEIPT RECEIVED ID & BOOK RECEIVED ID & BOOK DISPATCHED BOOK DISPATCHED BOOK 2 UPDATE CARD BOOK 2 UPDATE CARD BOOK 7 ACCEPT PAYMENT 7 ACCEPT PAYMENT M2 BOOK CARD M2 BOOK CARD PAYMENT PAYMENT Student Student. 3 DISPATCH BOOK 3 DISPATCH BOOK M3 PENALTY M3 PENALTY 2. DFD of Proposed System ID ID 5 RECORD RETURN TRANSACTION 5 RECORD RETURN TRANSACTION NO PAYMENT NO PAYMENT RETURNED BOOK RETURNED BOOK. 4 CHECK PENALTY 4 CHECK PENALTY Student Student BORROWED BOOK BORROWED BOOK Recorded Return Transaction Recorded Return Transaction 1 RECORD BOOK CARD 1 RECORD BOOK CARD C1 TRANSACTION INFO C1 TRANSACTION INFO C1 TRANSACTION INFO C1 TRANSACTION INFO DISPATCHED BOOK DISPATCHED BOOK Recorded Transaction Recorded Transaction 6 COMPUTE PENALTY 6 COMPUTE PENALTY C1 TRANSACTION INFO C1 TRANSACTION INFO 7 ACCEPT PENALTY 7 ACCEPT PENALTY COMPUTED PENALTY COMPUTED PENALTY 2 UPDATE CARD BOOK 2 UPDATE CARD BOOK C2 Book Card C2 Book Card PAYMENT PAYMENT CHANGE CHANGE Student Student 3 DISPATCH BOOK 3 DISPATCH BOOK B. Prototyping 1. Program Listing Screen Title: Log-in Form Description: This is the log-in form. First the user will input the username and the password then click the log-in button. If the user inputted the correct username and password it will show the transactions form. Screen Title: ERROR Button Description: This form will show if the user inputted the wrong username and password. To go back to the log-in form click the OK button. Administrator Screen Title: Administrator Description: This is where you can view the student account and admin account. If you click the button menu you can see the information of the student and the administration. Admin Account Screen Title: Admin Account Description: This is where the user can view their account and information. Student Account Screen Title: Student Account Description: This is where the user can view their account and information. Select Information Screen Title: Select Information Description: This is the Select Information Form. If the user wants to view the Student Information he/she will click the Student Information Button. If the user wants to view the Book Information he/she will click the Book Information Button. If the user wants to view or make Transaction he/she will click the Transaction Information Button. If the user wants to view the reports he/she will click the Report Button. If the user wants to view or make another user he/she will click the Administration Button. Student Information Screen Title: Student Information Description: This form is the Student Information form. It contains the Student No., Name, Grade and Section, Address, and Contact number. In this form the user can add, edit and delete Student information. Book Information Screen Title: Book Information Description: This form is the Book Information form. It contains the Book No. , Book Title, Book ISD, Book Author, Subject, Location and Status. In this form the user can add, edit and delete Book Information. Transaction Information of Borrowed Book Screen Title: Transaction Information of Borrowed Book Description: This form is the Transaction Information of Borrowed Book form. The user can input the Book No. , Due Date and penalty of the Borrowed Book. Transaction Information of Returned book Screen Title: Transaction Information of Returned Book Description: This form is the Transaction Information of Returned Book form. This form will compute the Penalty based on the due date or how long it was before the book is returned. Database File Structures. | Student Information| | Field Name| Type| Width| Student No| Number| 15| Name| Text| 50| Grade & Section| Text| 50| Address| Text| 150| Contact No| Number| 15| | Book Information| | Field Name| Type| Width| Book No| Number| 10| Book Title| Text| 150| Book Author| Text| 150| Subject| Text| 100| Location| Text| 150| Status| Text| 150| | TRANSACTION INFO| | Field Name| Type| Width| Transaction No| Number| 15| Student No| Number| 15| Name| Text| 150| Book No| Number| 10| Book Author| Text| 150| Date Borrow| Date| N/A| Date Return| Date| N/A| Due Date| Date| N/A| Penalty| Currency| 10| | Book Card| |. Field Name| Type| Width| Name| Text| 150| Title of the book| Text| 15| Book number| Text| 10| Date Borrow| Date | N/A| Date return| Date| N/A| Date Due| Date| N/A| General Miguel Malvar Elementary School Mangga Ave, Sta Mesa, Manila Report of Transaction Transaction No| Student No| Book No| Book Title| Date Borrow| Due Date| Date Returned| Penalty| 1| 1000013| 400| Skills in Reading| 10/2/2012| 10/5/2012| 10/8/2012| Php30. 00| 2| 1000014| 401| Modern in Action| 10/3/2012| 10/5/2012| 10/8/2012| Php20. 00| 3| 1000015| 402| English V| 10/1/2012| 10/9/2012| 10/9/2012| Php50. 00| | Total: ____P100. 00____ Total: ____P100. 00____ | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Prepared By: __Tina Guerrero__ Prepared By: __Tina Guerrero__ General Miguel Malvar Elementary School Mangga Ave, Sta Mesa, Manila Report of Borrowed Books Transaction No| Student No| Book No| Book Title| Date Borrow| Due Date| 1| 1000013| 400| Skills in Reading| 10/2/2012| 10/5/2012| 2| 1000014| 401| Modern in Action| 10/3/2012| 10/5/2012| 3| 1000015| 402| English V| 10/1/2012| 10/9/2012| Prepared By: __Tina Guerrero__ Prepared By: __Tina Guerrero__ General Miguel Malvar Elementary School Mangga Ave, Sta Mesa, Manila Report of Retuned Books Transaction No| Student No| Book No| Book Title| Date Borrow| Due Date| Date Returned| 1| 1000013| 400| Skills in Reading| 10/2/2012| 10/5/2012| 10/8/2012| 2| 1000014| 401| Modern in Action| 10/3/2012| 10/5/2012| 10/8/2012| 3| 1000015| 402| English V| 10/1/2012| 10/9/2012| 10/9/2012| Prepared By: __Tina Guerrero__ Prepared By: __Tina Guerrero__ User Manual I. System Requirements CPU| Pentium 4, Athlon XP, Semprov| | Clock Speed| 2. 0GHz or higher| | System Memory(RAM)| 1G| | Operating System| Windows XPVista| |. HDD free space| 2. 0GB| | DirectX| 9. 0 or higher| | Internet Connection| 1Gbps| | Video Card| GeForce FX6600 or Radeon 9800 series| | Video Memory| 512MB| | II. Installation 1. Run the installation setup, MMESLYS-Setup. exe. Afterwards, users are to be prompted to this screen. Click Next to continue. Welcome to Miguel Malvar Elem School Library System Installation Setup Wizard Welcome to Miguel Malvar Elem School Library System Installation Setup Wizard This will install Miguel Malvar Elem School Library System 1. 0 on your Computer This will install Miguel Malvar Elem School Library System 1. 0 on your Computer 2. They will be asked to confirm if you agree on the End-User license agreement for them to be able to proceed with the installation. Choose â€Å"I agree† then Next button would be enabled. Click Next. 3. After signing off the EULA, they would now be brought to the page wherein they would choose where to put the folder for the application. Choose where to put the files and click Next. 4. The wizard will now start installing the system. Just wait for the progress to reach completion and then click Next. The installation has been successfully completed by that and the user just needs to click Close to exit the installation wizard. III. System Navigation 1. This is the log-in form will be welcome to the log in interface. They just need to use the log in IDs provided by the Administrator and then click the Log in button. 2. This is the invalid username password if your username you input is not correct, just click the ok button. 3. This is where you can view the student account and admin account. If you click the button menu you can see the information of the student and the administration. 4. This admin account will show the information of admin and their account 5. This student account will show the information of the student. 6. This is the Select Information Form. If the user wants to view the Student Information he/she will click the Student Information Button. If the user wants to view the Book Information he/she will click the Book Information Button. If the user wants to view or make Transaction he/she will click the Transaction Information Button. If the user wants to view the reports he/she will click the Report Button. If the user wants to view or make another user he/she will click the Administration Button. 7. This form is the Student Information form. It contains the Student No. , Name, Grade and Section, Address, and Contact number. In this form the user can add, edit and delete Student information. 8. This form is the Book Information form. It contains the Book No. , Book Title, Book ISD, Book Author, Subject, Location and Status. In this form the user can add, edit and delete Book Information. 9. This form is the Transaction Information of Borrowed Book form. The user can input the Book No. , Due Date and penalty of the Borrowed Book. 10. This form is the Transaction Information of Returned Book form. This form will compute the Penalty based on the due date or how long it was before the book is returned.

Essential Elements of a Contract

Essential Elements of a Contract The importance of clear understanding of various essentials of a contract is critical in business world. This has been evident in times of dispute in any given transaction. The cases taken to court require that all critical essentials of a contract must have been in place. Failure to proof all essentials of a contract leads to automatic nullification of any given contract.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Essential Elements of a Contract specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The key essentials are the offer, acceptance and consideration. There are other essentials of a contract such as the legal purpose, maturity of obligation, certainty of the matter and finally the existence of competent parties. An offer is the show of will to enter into a contract. The offer should contain date for it to valid. If not so the offer is deemed valid only when accepted and if rejected it ceases to be valid. For example if a party offers fo r a sale of a car and the other party heeds to the offer. The other when it calls for renegotiation it can be refused or granted the chance depending with the discretion of the one making the offer. This is due to the fact that the offer become invalid after it was rejected in the first place. The offer should also contain various specifications such as the quality, price and place of delivery among many others. If the offer is accepted and the party accepting has undertaken its obligation then the contract becomes binding on both parties. The offer can be in writing or not. Despite the aforementioned fact there are exceptions on which the offer must be in writing. The transactions on real estate or the ones which are worthy$ 500 and above must be in written offers. The person making the offer may sometimes be paid to keep the offer open (Koffman, 2007, p. 257). In such situation the offer can remain open for a period of ninety days. The other essential of a contract is the acceptan ce of the offer. This is expression of agreement with terms of the offer. This can be demonstrated by the action of customer keeping the goods or by failure to reject within a given time. The acceptance can take three ways. One of them is the conditional acceptance. Here the contract made after material change of the original offer and thus it is a counteroffer. The other form of acceptance is the expressed acceptance. In this case the offer is accepted in its original form. Finally the other form is the implied acceptance in which the acceptance is communicated by the conduct of the buyer (Richards, 2007, p. 67). For example failure to reject goods and specified time limit is taken as acceptance.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consideration is a very key aspect of a contract. It entails a promise from one party to another after the other party fulfils a certain a ct (Richards, 2007, p107). This benefit may take form of interest, profit, right or even responsibility but it must have value. The value attached to the promise is not necessarily monetary value. The other essentials of a contract include the fact that the persons contracting are legally binding. This means that they are not for example minors. Also the subject matter which is being contracted should be legal. Contracts on illegal subject are not valid. The parties to the contract should have clear understanding of what the contract entails. Finally, the certainty of the terms of contract should be determinable (Koffman, 2007, p. 91). It is evident that good understanding of essentials of a contract is very critical in business sector. Poor knowledge in contracting means failure in business. Here we have seen various essential elements of a contract. Reference List Koffman, L. (2007). The Law of Contract. California. Bell Bain. Richards, P. (2007). Law of Contract. New York. Barne s Noble.

buy custom New Technology and the Sociological Point of View essay

buy custom New Technology and the Sociological Point of View essay In the contemporary world, using advanced technology is evident in almost all aspects of life. The public and private sectors, and including the formal and informal sectors, have all embraced the use of advanced technologies in their routine activities. Due to advancement in technology, the world has turned into a global village where, information generated from one corner of the continent is transmitted to all corners of the continent in a matter of seconds. Manufacturers are being able to produce their products from their home countries, and market them to the rest of the world through the internet. Individuals are able to acquire higher education from different learning institutions across the globe, right from their home countries, through the internet. Nowadays, many people do not make daily trips to their offices in order to work; they simply work from their houses using personal computers, which are linked to other computers located in their offices. Suppliers, manufacturers, retailers, and consumers are able to conduct business transactions without any physical interactions with each other. Production of commodities has become more economical as manufacturers adopt the use of computer-aided processing machineries and equipments. The medical sector has also embraced the use of advanced technology in provision of health care. Health care providers use computer-aided methods of storing information, to store their patients medical information: medical information systems. Medical information systems, also known as healthcare informatics, are a combination of computer science, information technology, and health care provision. It is concerned with collection, analysis, storage, and retrieval of medical information of the patients and the general population, using the patients and populations medical information in provision of care, using medical resources, and using medical devices (Barnett, 1997). Medical information systems include not only the use of computers, but also the use of information and communication systems, medical terminologies, clinical procedures, and clinical guidelines. All these systems apply in the fields of pharmacy, nursing, dentistry, occupation health, public health, clinical care, and medical research. The main reason for the application of information systems in the medical field is to achieve improved efficiency and effectiveness of operations. The world is currently experiencing increased use of mobile devices. In 2002, the Finnish Medical Society developed a mobile medical information system for use by health care providers across the globe (Tetard et al., 2005). The system consisted of medical guidelines, which are common in the medical practice. In 2005, the system was developed further, whereby, information features such as databases of addresses and contact information for almost all hospitals, health centers, and pharmacies, emergency care guides for various medical issues, laboratory guide, pharmacology database, and more than 50,000 acronyms used in the medical field were included (Tetard et al., 2005). The mobile medical information system is accessible to all medical care providers across the globe in different languages. Currently, the system is supported by mobile devices, which are supported by windows CE, Palm OS, and Symbian (Tetard, 2005). A good example of mobile device that supports the mobile medical inf ormation system is the Nokia 9210 communicator. Currently, almost 80% of all medical care providers in developed countries; USA, UK, Germany, France, and Japan, are making use o information systems in their operations (Kaissi, 2010). The medical departments of the US military and the Finland military have also adopted the use of mobile medical information system (Tetard et al., 2005). The main reason for using this type of technology in the medical field is to assist health care providers to achieve efficiency and effectiveness in provision of medical care. However, there are other various positive and negative impacts of using medical information systems in the medical field from a sociological point of view. According to Kaissi (2010), one of the social benefits of using information systems in the medical field is that it allows the doctors to concentrate on the patient needs during office visits. This is because the doctors are able to access patients medical information on real-time basis. Instead of spending a lot of time searching for patients medical information from paper records kept in bulk files, doctors spend much time talking to their patients and assessing their current medical needs. Doctors also do not waste much time making phone calls to the laboratories to inquire about patients lab results, thanks to the medical information systems where patients data for lab test results are captured and the doctors are able to access them immediately from their offices. As a result, the society has been able to obtain quality health care services, leading to improved qualities of life. In addition, medical information systems have helped in improvement of patients education during hospital visits (Kaissi, 2010). This is due to easy access of patients medical information, whereby, a patient, a physician, and/or a family member can evaluate together on the screen, the medical history of the patient, the current problem list, the alternative methods of care, and the medication list through the internet (Kaissi, 2005). This allows a patient to understand his/her medical condition(s) better because; he/she can see the information as the physicians explains to him/her. Involvement of patients in their treatment procedures has helped the society to change its perspectives about provision of medical care. The society has now understood that the responsibility of ensuring the recovery of a patient is not vested on the physicians or medical care providers alone, but it involves both the patient and the medical care provider. Improved communication between patients and physicians has allowed many people to participate more in all procedures of health care provision. That is, from diagnosis, to treatment, and to prognosis. Through the medical information systems, patients can contact their doctors to ask questions, report on their medical progress, or ask for further clarifications about certain medical conditions. It is therefore clear that medical information systems are assisting in encouraging patients to participate more in their medical needs. This has resulted into a society, which is more knowledgeable about its health, and the importance of actively participating in health care provision. According to Kaissi (2010), while many experts argue that collecting patients medical information in a digital form that can be viewed on a computer and easily shared by all health service providers has numerous benefits, a new study suggests that it can also lead to serious problems in communication. When electronic gadgets are located in the physicians examination room, instant messages alerts can really distract the physician when communicating with a patient. The patients concentration while communicating with the physsician is also distracted by these gargets. In addition, because physicians are able to access patients medical information even before seeing the patients in person, the amount of time spent by a physician on a patient is reduced. In many instance, physicians are aware of the potential medical problem(s) the patients are suffering from through the analysis of their past medical information. Therefore, when the patient enters the examination room, the physician engages with the patient for some time, makes a prescription for the patient, and then the patient leaves. From the sociological point of view, the afore-mentioned negative impacts of using medical information systems have contributed to less physical interactions between patients and physicians. Patients and physicians are spending more time interacting with each other via the computerized devices than they are spending in physical interactions. Therefore, the physical connection between patients and physicians is drifting apart. Instead of physicians concentrating more on their patients, they are concentrating more on their information gargets. According to Kaissi (2005), lack of enough physical interactions between patients and physicians may lead to a situation where medical information systems will be more important that the patients. If this occurs, then the quality of medical care provided to the society is likely to decrease. Another negative implication of using medical information systems in the medical field is that, people no longer value the importance of keeping their personal medical information private. Although many medical institutions have privacy policies, which provide guidelines concerning disclosure of patients medical information, personal information about ones medical status has become almost like public information (Kaissi, 2005). Unlike in the past where people used to value the importance of privacy of personal matters, people no longer view medical information about others as private. For this reason, the contemporary society is lacking some moral values, which traditionally, used to provide guidelines for respect of other peoples personal information. The security of patients medical information is a great concern, which has greatly affected the wide adaption of this technology in the medical field. Many patients have been getting concerned that their private medical information may be exposed to unauthorized users. Others are worrying that the physicians may capture some of their medical information, which they do not feel comfortable sharing with other people. All these security concerns discourage patients and the entire population from disclosing their historic medical information, especially when they are aware that the concerned health care provider makes use of information systems to capture their data. This has made it difficult for medical institutions to use medical information systems in providing medical care to their patients even where such systems are in existence. Nevertheless, from a sociological point of view, the positive implications of using medical information systems in the medical field outweigh the negative implications of the latter. The quality of health care has increased, resulting into improved societal wellbeing, and many people have been able to participate more in procedures involved in health care provision. Technological advancement offers the medical field with an opportunity to improve its efficiency and effectiveness in provision of health care, hence resulting into more improved wellbeing of the entire society. Buy custom New Technology and the Sociological Point of View essay

Starting a Business Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Starting a Business - Term Paper Example The paper dwells in detail and focuses on the aspects of starting a sole propriety-based fast food chain in New Jersey. Starting even a small business can lead up to big decisions being made by the owner right from the start, which will need him to be ready to make some important legal decisions being one of the crucial points of future business success. The first and foremost decision to be made is to decide what kind of business it would be, the following article discusses running a sole propriety fast food chain. Listed below are different kinds of business entities. A sole proprietorship is a kind of business entity that is owned and run by a single individual. A limited liability company is a business entity that is a blend of partnership and cooperate structure. Fast food chains are recently becoming a very popular source of food in the United States of America. Therefore starting in a field which is hot with opportunity and ever increasing may give you a better market leading to better chances of running a successful business. The only disadvantage being the competitiveness in such a field. Research is an important aspect of business one must complete before starting a business to get all the essential information. For example, how does he want to run the company? Will the person be able to handle affairs of the business alone or may require partners? Sole propriety business is said to be the easiest and the simplest way to start up due to its ease of setup and nominal cost. It is a kind of a set up where a single person starts up a business and he himself is the face of the company and is solely responsible for everything in the company from funding, to earning profits and to being liable to the losses. Despite all the advantages of a sole proprietorship it can sometimes be proved risky as the owner is fully liable for all the business debts. In the state of New Jersey the first step is to being registered at the central county it can be under the owner s name or a fictitious name although in legal matters it is not a separate entity. In such kinds of businesses owner usually signs contracts with his own name including the matters of transfer of money, writing checks or holding bank accounts. Another step to take in setting up a business is finding a location to set up your business. It may be an office space, a retail space or a warehouse. In the case of starting a business you would require a retail space somewhere in the commercial district. It depends on the owner whether to buy, rent or lease the space. The next step includes getting licenses, permits and getting registered (â€Å"Doing Business in New Jersey†, n. d.). Starting a fast food chain requires the owner to get a license from the Division of Health before you start your business. All businesses must register for tax and employee purposes with the New Jersey Division of Revenue, irrespective of the intent to hire employees. Federal Employee Identification Numbe r (FEIN) is required by the state in order to register for taxes and employees purposes so that the owner can start running his business. Although in a sole propriety the owner can use his or her social security number. Internal

The Benefits of Cycling in Thailand Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 6

The Benefits of Cycling in Thailand - Assignment Example With the increasing rate of global warming, various governments are coming up with strategies to curb this trend. Different strategies are drafted in order to reduce the rate of carbon emission in the atmosphere. Motor engines are cited as one of the major contributors of carbon gas emission. This has resulted in rising sea level and desertification in different parts of the world. As a result, people have opted to use means of transport that emit few gases or none at all. In Thailand, the government has even gone ahead to intervene in issue in order to reduce the number of bicycle users. This provides an opportunity for the bicycle producers to make high profits as many people will look forward towards purchasing the bicycles. This paper will, therefore, analyze the market prospects, target customers, consumer buying behaviors, how to position the product in the market and segment the market. The main aim of this paper is to have insight details concerning the market, population, an d demographics in the area that may affect the performance of the product in the market. Nevertheless, some of the assumptions are that the market forces will be constant, and no risks will face the market. In addition, some of the limitations that we may encounter are lack of accurate data concerning the population and the number of purchases made in a day. In order to gain data and current information, we will use secondary data. This will reduce any traces of errors which might mislead business trying to invest in the country. In addition, we will have to forecast future trend using the experiences in the market. This will help us in coming up with the appropriate strategy to use in penetrating the market. Power bike organization was founded in 2006 by Ning and Nui in Roi Et. Power bike organization is one of the leading accessories and cycle retail shops in Roi Et. Powerbike is operated as a family (Ho and Madden-Hallet, 2010, p. 51).